Чек-лист · A2–C1

Косвенная речь (Reported Speech)

Теория (Reported Speech)

🗣️ ЧТО ТАКОЕ КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ

Когда мы передаём чужие слова, мы можем сделать это двумя способами.

Прямая речь (Direct speech) — цитируем дословно, заключая слова в кавычки.

👉 Он сказал: «Я устал».

Косвенная речь (Reported speech) — пересказываем смысл своими словами, без кавычек.

👉 Он сказал, что устал.

⚙️ КАК МЕНЯЮТСЯ ВРЕМЕНА

Если глагол вводной части (said / told) стоит в прошедшем времени, то в косвенной речи время обычно сдвигается в прошлое:

Прямая речьКосвенная речь
Present SimplePast Simple
“I work from home.”He said he worked from home.
Present ContinuousPast Continuous
“She is waiting.”*He said she was waiting. *
Past SimplePast Perfect
“We bought a house.”They said they had bought a house.
Future (will)Would
“I will call you.”She said she would call me.
📌 Если информация всё ещё актуальна или глагол вводной части стоит в настоящем времени (says / tells), время в косвенной речи можно не менять.

🔁 ЧТО ЕЩЁ МЕНЯЕТСЯ

Кроме времён, в косвенной речи часто заменяются местоимения и слова, указывающие на время и место.

Прямая речьКосвенная речь
I / me / myhe / him / his / she / her (в зависимости от контекста)
we / us / ourthey / them / their
herethere
nowthen / at that moment
todaythat day
tomorrowthe next day / the following day
yesterdaythe day before / the previous day
thisthat
thesethose

🧩 SAY vs TELL

Оба глагола означают «говорить / сказать», но используются по-разному.

ГлаголОсобенностьПример
sayне требует указания, кому говорятHe said (that) he was hungry.
tellобязательно указываем, кому говорятHe told me (that) he was hungry.
❌ He told (that) he was hungry. — так нельзя. ✅ He said (that) he was hungry. ✅ He told me (that) he was hungry.

🔹 СЛОВО THAT

После say и tell часто ставим союз that, но в разговорной речи его можно опускать. Оба варианта верны:

  • She said that she was happy.
  • She said she was happy.

📋 ПРИМЕРЫ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Прямая речь

“I don’t like crowded places,” she said.

Косвенная речь

She said (that) she didn’t like crowded places.

Прямая речь

“We are leaving tomorrow,” they said.

Косвенная речь

They said (that) they were leaving the next day.

Прямая речь

“I’ll send you the document,” he said to her.

Косвенная речь

He told her (that) he would send her the document.

Прямая речь

“I saw this movie last week,” he said.

Косвенная речь

He said (that) he had seen that movie the week before.

Практические задания

Assignment 1

Перепишите предложения из прямой речи в косвенную. Начинайте с He said (that)…

  1. “I am learning French.”
  2. “We will arrive at 7 p.m.”
  3. “I don’t understand the question.”
  4. “She has never been to Japan.”
  5. “I bought a new phone yesterday.”
  6. “We are moving to a new flat.”
  7. “I can’t find my keys.”
  8. “The meeting starts at 10 a.m.”
  9. “I’ll help you with the presentation.”
  10. “I love this song.”
Answers
  1. He said (that) he was learning French.
  2. He said (that) they would arrive at 7 p.m.
  3. He said (that) he didn’t understand the question.
  4. He said (that) she had never been to Japan.
  5. He said (that) he had bought a new phone the day before / the previous day.
  6. He said (that) they were moving to a new flat.
  7. He said (that) he couldn’t find his keys.
  8. He said (that) the meeting started at 10 a.m.
  9. He said (that) he would help me with the presentation.
  10. He said (that) he loved that song.

Assignment 2

Исправьте ошибки в предложениях с косвенной речью

  1. She said me that she was tired.
  2. He told that he would come later.
  3. They said they are going to the beach tomorrow.
  4. She told she didn’t like coffee.
  5. He said me he had lost his wallet.
  6. I told her that I will call her.
  7. She said she has finished the report.
  8. He told to me that he was busy.
  9. They said they were here yesterday.
  10. She said she will help us.
Answers
  1. She told me that she was tired. / She said (that) she was tired.
  2. He said (that) he would come later. / He told me (that) he would come later.
  3. They said they were going to the beach the next day / the following day.
  4. She said (that) she didn’t like coffee. / She told me (that) she didn’t like coffee.
  5. He told me he had lost his wallet.
  6. I told her that I would call her.
  7. She said she had finished the report.
  8. He told me that he was busy.
  9. They said they were there the day before / the previous day.
  10. She said she would help us.

Assignment 3

Переведите на английский, используя косвенную речь

  1. Он сказал, что хочет купить новую машину.
  2. Она сказала мне, что любит готовить.
  3. Они сказали, что приедут завтра.
  4. Он сказал, что потерял ключи.
  5. Она сказала, что живёт в центре города.
  6. Мы сказали им, что не знаем ответа.
  7. Он сказал, что вернётся через час.
  8. Она сказала, что видела этот фильм.
  9. Они сказали, что сейчас заняты.
  10. Он сказал мне, что я могу позвонить ему вечером.
Answers
  1. He said (that) he wanted to buy a new car.
  2. She told me (that) she loved cooking.
  3. They said (that) they would come the next day / the following day.
  4. He said (that) he had lost his keys.
  5. She said (that) she lived in the city centre.
  6. We told them (that) we didn’t know the answer.
  7. He said (that) he would be back in an hour.
  8. She said (that) she had seen that film / that movie.
  9. They said (that) they were busy then / at that moment.
  10. He told me (that) I could call him in the evening.