Lesson 16

Теория (Reported Speech (statements, questions, commands)

Reported Speech — это когда мы передаём чужие слова, а не цитируем их дословно.

👉 Direct speech (прямая речь):

He said: “I am tired.”

👉 Reported speech (косвенная речь):

He said that he was tired.

Statements (утверждения)

Главное правило

Когда мы передаём утверждение:

меняется время глагола (обычно назад — backshift)
часто используется that (можно не говорить)

Сдвиг времён

Direct speech	Reported speech
Present Simple	Past Simple
Present Continuous	Past Continuous
Past Simple	Past Perfect
will	would
can	could

Примеры

“I work here.”
→ She said (that) she worked there.

“I am studying.”
→ He said he was studying.

“I will call you.”
→ She said she would call me.

Questions (вопросы)

Что важно запомнить

В косвенных вопросах:

❌ нет вспомогательных глаголов (do / does / did)

❌ нет вопросительного порядка слов

✅ порядок слов как в утверждении

Используем:

if / whether — для общих вопросов
question words (what, where, why…) — для специальных

Общие вопросы (Yes / No)

“Do you like coffee?”
→ He asked if I liked coffee.

“Are you busy?”
→ She asked whether I was busy.

Специальные вопросы

“Where do you live?”
→ He asked where I lived.

“Why did she leave?”
→ He asked why she had left.

Commands & Requests (приказы и просьбы)

Как строится

Используем:

tell / ask + someone + to / not to + verb

⛔ Времена не нужны — используем инфинитив

Примеры

“Close the door.”
→ He told me to close the door.

“Don’t be late.”
→ She told him not to be late.

“Please help me.”
→ She asked me to help her.

Изменения слов (место, время)

Direct	Reported
now	then
today	that day
tomorrow	the next day
yesterday	the day before
here	there
this	that

Пример

“I will do it tomorrow.”
→ He said he would do it the next day.

Когда время НЕ меняется

Если:

это факт
или говорящий всё ещё прав

“The Earth is round.”
→ He said the Earth is round.

Практические задания

Task 1

Прямые утверждения → Косвенные

1. She said: “I like chocolate.”

2. He said: “I am tired.”

3. They said: “We will come tomorrow.”

4. I said: “I live in London.”

5. She said: “I have finished my homework.”

6. He said: “I can swim.”

7. They said: “We went to the cinema yesterday.”

8. I said: “I don’t understand this rule.”

9. She said: “I am reading a book.”

10. He said: “I will call you later.”

Answers

She said (that) she liked chocolate.
He said (that) he was tired.
They said (that) they would come the next day.
I said (that) I lived in London.
She said (that) she had finished her homework.
He said (that) he could swim.
They said (that) they had gone to the cinema the day before.
I said (that) I didn’t understand this rule.
She said (that) she was reading a book.
He said (that) he would call me later.

Task 2

Прямые вопросы → Косвенные

1. He asked: “Do you like pizza?”

2. She asked: “Are you busy?”

3. They asked: “Did you go to school yesterday?”

4. I asked: “Will you help me?”

5. He asked: “Where do you live?”

6. She asked: “Why did you leave?”

7. They asked: “Can you speak English?”

8. I asked: “What is your name?”

9. He asked: “Have you finished your homework?”

10. She asked: “When will you arrive?”

Answers

He asked if I liked pizza.
She asked if I was busy.
They asked if I had gone to school the day before.
I asked if he/she would help me.
He asked where I lived.
She asked why I had left.
They asked if I could speak English.
I asked what my name was.
He asked if I had finished my homework.
She asked when I would arrive.

Task 3

Приказы / просьбы → Косвенные

1. He said: “Close the door.”

2. She said: “Don’t be late.”

3. They said: “Help me with this task.”

4. I said: “Please open the window.”

5. He said: “Stop talking.”

6. She said: “Bring me a cup of tea.”

7. They said: “Don’t touch this button.”

8. I said: “Call me when you arrive.”

9. He said: “Give this book to John.”

10. She said: “Sit down, please.”

Answers

He told me to close the door.
She told me not to be late.
They asked me to help with this task.
I asked him/her to open the window.
He told me to stop talking.
She asked me to bring her a cup of tea.
They told me not to touch this button.
I told him/her to call me when he/she arrived.
He told me to give this book to John.
She asked me to sit down.