Lesson 3
Теория (State verbs)
State verbs описывают:
- состояния
- мысли
- чувства
- восприятие
- отношения
а не действия.
Типичные группы:
- Mental: know, believe, understand, realise
- Emotional: love, hate, prefer, like
- Possession: own, belong, possess
- Perception: see, hear, smell (частично)
- Other: seem, appear, matter, depend
🔹 I know the answer.
🔹 This belongs to me.
Continuous с state verbs: когда и зачем
На C1 Continuous используется осознанно, чтобы изменить значение.
Временное состояние
Показывает, что чувство или мнение непостоянно.
🔹 I’m loving this course.
(временно, сейчас)
🔹 She’s feeling insecure these days.
Раздражение / критика
Обычно с always, constantly, forever.
🔹 He’s always forgetting my name.
(жалоба)
Развитие / изменение
Часто с think, feel, understand.
🔹 I’m beginning to understand the problem.
🔹 People are increasingly believing fake news.
Вежливость / смягчение
Continuous делает высказывание менее прямым.
🔹 I was hoping you could help me.
🔹 We were wondering if you had any questions.
Verbs with two meanings (state vs action)
| Verb | State (Simple) | Action (Continuous) |
| think | I think it’s wrong. (мнение) | I’m thinking about it. (процесс) |
| have | I have a car. | I’m having lunch. |
| see | I see the problem. | I’m seeing the doctor. |
| feel | I feel tired. | I’m feeling better. |
| look | It looks nice. | She’s looking at me. |
| smell | It smells good. | He’s smelling the milk. |
| taste | It tastes strange. | She’s tasting the soup. |
State verbs в Perfect forms
Present Perfect Simple
Показывает состояние до настоящего момента.
🔹 I’ve known her for years.
🔹 We’ve believed this theory for decades.
Present Perfect Continuous (ограниченно!)
Используется, если состояние:
- менялось
- было временным
- воспринимается как процесс
🔹 I’ve been feeling anxious lately.
🔹 She’s been hoping for a promotion.
❌ I’ve been knowing her for years.
State verbs в формальном и академическом стиле
Academic style
Предпочитается Present Simple / Perfect.
🔹 Research suggests that…
🔹 It is widely believed that…
Spoken / narrative style
Допустимы Continuous формы для эффекта.
🔹 I’m really liking the way this is going.