Lesson 4

В придаточных времени и условия мы НЕ используем future forms, даже если речь о будущем.

❌ When I will finish, I’ll call you.

✅ When I finish, I’ll call you.

Это правило работает даже на C1 — но структуры становятся сложнее.

Продвинутые союзы времени (Time clauses)

Common C1 linkers:

• by the time
• once
• the moment / the minute
• whenever
• as long as
• while / whereas (контраст)
• until / unless

By the time (критически важно)

✅ By the time you arrive, we will have finished.

✅ By the time he got there, the meeting had ended.

Time clause + Perfect forms

Используем Perfect, чтобы подчеркнуть завершённость до момента.

Future focus

• after / when / once + Present Perfect

✅ Once you have completed the training, you’ll be promoted.

(не просто действие, а результат)

Ошибка B2:

Once you complete the training… — грамматически верно, но менее формально / менее точно

Condition clauses: beyond Zero & First

As long as / provided (that) / on condition that

= строгие условия, часто формальный стиль

✅ You can stay here as long as you follow the rules.

✅ Provided that all documents are submitted, the visa will be issued.

Unless = if … not

❌ Unless you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.

✅ Unless you hurry, you’ll be late.

📌 Never double negative with unless

Advanced mixed time–condition meaning

Иногда time clause = condition по смыслу:

✅ When you heat ice, it melts.

(это ZERO CONDITIONAL, но формально — time clause)

Inversion in condition clauses

Используется без if — формально, письменно.

Type 1 (future)

✅ Should you need any assistance, let me know.

Type 2

✅ Were he more experienced, he’d get the job.

Type 3

✅ Had they informed us earlier, we could have acted.

📌 Это чистый C1-C2 маркер.

Time clauses + continuous (subtle meaning)

Используется, чтобы показать длительность или фон.

✅ While I was preparing the report, several issues came up.

✅ As long as you are working on this project, you’ll need approval.

Contrast inside time clauses

while / whereas

✅ While I prefer working alone, he works better in a team.

(формально это time linker, но используется как contrast marker)

Частые C1-ошибки

❌ When I will have finished, I’ll email you.

✅ When I have finished, I’ll email you.

❌ If you will need help, call me.

✅ If you need help, call me.

❌ Unless you don’t try harder…

✅ Unless you try harder…