Чек-лист · A2–C1

Повествовательные времена (Narrative tenses)

Теория (Narrative Tenses)

Что такое повествовательные времена?

Это группа времён, которую мы используем, когда рассказываем истории, анекдоты, пересказываем фильмы или описываем цепочку событий в прошлом. Они помогают слушателю понять: что происходило в фоне, что случилось основным событием, а что произошло ещё раньше.

🟢 Прошедшее простое (Past Simple) — главный рассказчик

Когда используем:

  • Завершённое действие в прошлом (факт)
  • Последовательные события в хронологическом порядке

Формула:

V2 (или -ed для правильных)

Новые примеры:

  • We watched a horror movie last night.
  • He opened the door, stepped inside, and turned on the light.

Слова‑помощники: yesterday, last month, in 2015, two days ago

🔵 Прошедшее длительное (Past Continuous) — создаём атмосферу

Когда используем:

  • Действие в процессе в конкретный момент в прошлом
  • Фоновое действие, которое прерывается другим действием (Past Simple)
  • Длительное действие, которое шло какое‑то время

Формула:

was / were + V‑ing

Новые примеры:

  • At 8 pm yesterday, I was cooking dinner.
  • They were playing football when the storm started.

Слова‑помощники: while, as, at that moment, at 5 o'clock yesterday

🟠 Прошедшее совершенное (Past Perfect) — что было ещё раньше

Когда используем:

  • Чтобы показать, какое из двух прошлых событий случилось первым
  • Для объяснения причины или предыстории в рассказе

Формула:

had + V3 (причастие прошедшего времени)

Новые примеры:

  • He realised he had lost his keys.
  • By the time we arrived, the train had already left.

Слова‑помощники: before, after, already, by the time, just, never

🎭 Как они работают вместе в одной истории

Представьте рассказ:

We were driving through the forest when we saw a small house. We had never noticed it before.
  • were driving — фон (Past Continuous)
  • saw — основное событие (Past Simple)
  • had never noticed — то, что было раньше (Past Perfect)

📋 Слова‑сигналы (сводка)

ВремяСлова‑маркеры
Past Simpleyesterday, last summer, in 2010, a week ago
Past Continuouswhile, as, at that moment, all evening yesterday
Past Perfectbefore, after, already, by the time, just, never
Практические задания

Assignment 1

Выберите правильное время (Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Perfect)

  1. When I (come) home, my mother already (cook) dinner.
  2. She (read) a magazine while he (watch) TV.
  3. They (live) in Paris for five years before they (move) to London.
  4. I (see) a bright light when I (walk) down the street.
  5. He (finish) his work, then (go) to bed.
  6. By the time the police (arrive), the thief (escape).
  7. We (have) a picnic when it suddenly (start) to rain.
  8. She (never / be) to a concert before last night.
  9. At 10 am yesterday, I (work) in the garden.
  10. He (open) the fridge and (find) that someone (eat) all the cake.
Answers
  1. Past Simple / Past Perfect
  2. Past Continuous / Past Continuous
  3. Past Perfect / Past Simple
  4. Past Simple / Past Continuous
  5. Past Simple / Past Simple
  6. Past Simple / Past Perfect
  7. Past Continuous / Past Simple
  8. Past Perfect
  9. Past Continuous
  10. Past Simple / Past Simple / Past Perfect

Assignment 2

Раскройте скобки, используя Past Simple или Past Continuous

  1. I (drop) my phone while I (run) for the bus.
  2. She (sleep) when the alarm (go) off.
  3. They (climb) the mountain when a storm (hit).
  4. He (not / listen) to the teacher while she (explain) the rule.
  5. We (see) a dolphin while we (swim) in the sea.
  6. The sun (shine) and the birds (sing) when we (wake) up.
  7. When you (call) me, I (have) a shower.
  8. The children (play) quietly when the door (slam) shut.
  9. I (wait) for the bus when I (hear) a strange noise.
  10. She (break) her arm while she (skate).
Answers
  1. dropped / was running
  2. was sleeping / went
  3. were climbing / hit
  4. wasn't listening / was explaining
  5. saw / were swimming
  6. was shining / were singing / woke
  7. called / was having
  8. were playing / slammed
  9. was waiting / heard
  10. broke / was skating

Assignment 3

Раскройте скобки, используя Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Perfect

  1. When we (arrive) at the party, everyone already (dance) for an hour.
  2. She (feel) sick because she (eat) too many sweets.
  3. I (finish) my homework, then I (turn on) the TV.
  4. He (never / fly) before his trip to Japan last year.
  5. While they (travel) around Italy, they (meet) a famous actor.
  6. By the time the show (begin), all the tickets (sell out).
  7. She (open) the door and (see) that her cat (catch) a mouse.
  8. I (know) the answer because I (read) the book before class.
  9. When I (get) to the station, the train (already leave).
  10. He (drive) home when he (realise) he (forget) his keys at work.
Answers
  1. arrived / had already been dancing
  2. felt / had eaten
  3. finished / turned on
  4. had never flown
  5. were travelling / met
  6. began / had sold out
  7. opened / saw / had caught
  8. knew / had read
  9. got / had already left
  10. was driving / realised / had forgotten