Чек-лист · A2–C1

Страдательный залог (Passive voice)

Теория (Passive Voice)

Страдательный залог — когда действие важнее исполнителя

Основная идея

В обычной (активной) речи мы говорим: «Кто сделал → что сделал → над чем».

В страдательном залоге мы выводим объект действия на первое место, потому что само действие или его результат важнее, чем тот, кто его выполнил.

Актив: The chef cooks the meal. (Шеф-повар готовит еду — важно, кто) Пассив: The meal is cooked. (Еда приготовлена — важно, что с едой, а не кто готовил)

Формула (одна на все времена)

Глагол to be (в нужном времени) + V3 (третья форма глагола / Past Participle)

📌 Если нужно указать исполнителя — добавляем by + исполнитель:

  • This song was sung by a famous artist.

Пассив во всех основных временах (с новыми примерами)

Present Simple (обычное действие в настоящем)

am / is / are + V3

  • The mail is delivered before noon.
  • These tickets are sold only online.
Past Simple (действие в прошлом)

was / were + V3

  • The dinner was cooked by my mother.
  • All the seats were taken when we arrived.
Future Simple (действие в будущем)

will be + V3

  • The results will be announced tomorrow.
  • Your luggage will be brought to the room.
Present Continuous (действие прямо сейчас в процессе)

am / is / are being + V3

  • The bridge is being repaired at the moment.
  • The patients are being examined by the doctor now.
Past Continuous (действие было в процессе в прошлом)

was / were being + V3

  • The car was being washed when the storm started.
  • The students were being tested when the fire alarm rang.
Present Perfect (результат действия к настоящему моменту)

have / has been + V3

  • The package has been delivered.
  • All invitations have been sent.
Past Perfect (действие завершилось до другого действия в прошлом)

had been + V3

  • The fire had been put out before the firefighters arrived.
  • The contract had been signed by 5 PM.
Модальные глаголы (can, must, should, may и др.)

modal verb + be + V3

  • This application must be completed in blue ink.
  • The problem can be solved easily.

Когда использовать пассив (практические советы)

СитуацияПримерПочему пассив
Исполнитель неизвестенMy wallet was stolen.Не знаю, кто украл
Исполнитель не важенFrench is spoken in many countries.Важен сам факт, а не кто говорит
Формальный / научный стильThe experiment was conducted three times.Отчёт о действиях, а не об учёных
Новости и объявленияA new school will be built here.Важен результат для жителей

Как превратить актив в пассив (пошагово)

Актив: Someone painted my garage last week.

Шаг 1: Найти объект → my garage

Шаг 2: Сделать его подлежащим → My garage

Шаг 3: Поставить to be в то же время (Past Simple → was/were) → was

Шаг 4: Основной глагол в V3 → painted

Шаг 5: Добавить исполнителя через by (если нужно) → by someone (обычно опускаем)

Пассив: My garage was painted last week.

Типичные ошибки (избегайте их)

НеправильноПравильноПочему
❌ The work is finish✅ The work is finishedV3, а не V1
❌ The house is painting✅ The house is being paintedПроцесс требует being
❌ The email has sent✅ The email has been sentПосле has нужен been + V3
❌ The letter was wrote✅ The letter was writtenНеправильная форма V3 (wrote → written)
❌ The car is being repair✅ The car is being repairedОпять нужен V3

Коротко и ясно (шпаргалка)

Актив: Кто делает → что делает → над чем Пассив: Объект → is/are/was/were + V3 → (кем) Present Simple: am/is/are + V3 Past Simple: was/were + V3 Future Simple: will be + V3 Present Cont.: am/is/are being + V3 Present Perfect: have/has been + V3 Modal verbs: modal + be + V3

Практические задания

Assignment 1

Поставьте предложение в Passive Voice

  1. They deliver newspapers before 7 AM.
  2. Someone stole my laptop from the library.
  3. The company will launch the new product next month.
  4. A famous architect designed this bridge.
  5. They are renovating the old cinema at the moment.
  6. Someone has already taken my parking spot.
  7. The teacher was explaining the rules when I entered.
  8. They had canceled the flight before we got to the airport.
  9. You must complete this form in capital letters.
  10. Someone is following me — I feel scared!
Answers
  1. Newspapers are delivered before 7 AM.
  2. My laptop was stolen from the library.
  3. The new product will be launched next month.
  4. This bridge was designed by a famous architect.
  5. The old cinema is being renovated at the moment.
  6. My parking spot has already been taken.
  7. The rules were being explained when I entered.
  8. The flight had been canceled before we got to the airport.
  9. This form must be completed in capital letters.
  10. I am being followed — I feel scared!

Assignment 2

Поставьте правильную форму Passive Voice

  1. The invitations (send) last week.
  2. Dinner (serve) right now — please come to the table.
  3. The stolen painting (find) by the police yesterday evening.
  4. All the cookies (eat) by the children already!
  5. This room (not / use) very often — it's always empty.
  6. The new hospital (open) by the mayor next Friday.
  7. When I arrived, the problem already (solve).
  8. The floors (wash) when I walked in, so everything was wet.
  9. These boxes (must / handle) with extreme care.
  10. The concert tickets (sell out) within two hours last week.
Answers
  1. The invitations were sent last week.
  2. Dinner is being served right now — please come to the table.
  3. The stolen painting was found by the police yesterday evening.
  4. All the cookies have been eaten by the children already!
  5. This room is not used very often — it's always empty.
  6. The new hospital will be opened by the mayor next Friday.
  7. When I arrived, the problem had already been solved.
  8. The floors were being washed when I walked in, so everything was wet.
  9. These boxes must be handled with extreme care.
  10. The concert tickets were sold out within two hours last week.

Assignment 3

Исправьте ошибки

  1. The letter is send every Monday morning.
  2. This song was wrote by a famous singer.
  3. The rooms are cleaning at the moment — please wait outside.
  4. The report has already finish.
  5. Dinner will be serve at 7 PM sharp.
  6. The windows were broke during the storm.
  7. The cake is being make right now in the kitchen.
  8. The decision had been made before we arrive.
  9. These instructions should followed carefully.
  10. The package was send to the wrong address.
Answers
  1. The letter is sent every Monday morning.
  2. This song was written by a famous singer.
  3. The rooms are being cleaned at the moment — please wait outside.
  4. The report has already been finished.
  5. Dinner will be served at 7 PM sharp.
  6. The windows were broken during the storm.
  7. The cake is being made right now in the kitchen.
  8. The decision had been made before we arrived.
  9. These instructions should be followed carefully.
  10. The package was sent to the wrong address.