Чек-лист · A2–C1

Условные предложения 3 типа (Third Conditional)

Теория (Third Conditional)

Теория: Сослагательное наклонение 3 типа (Прошлое, которое не изменить)

Суть конструкции

Эта грамматическая конструкция нужна, чтобы описать несбывшиеся события в прошлом. Мы представляем альтернальную реальность: «что было бы, если бы…», но прошлое уже не вернуть. Обычно это выражает сожаление или, наоборот, облегчение от того, что всё случилось иначе.

Как строится

Если бы (условие) + то бы (результат)

Часть предложенияВремя / формаПример глагола
Условие (if)Past Perfect (had + V3)had taken
Результатwould have + V3would have won

Примеры (новые):

  • If I had taken an umbrella, I wouldn't have got wet. → (Я не взял зонт и промок.)
  • They would have bought the house if they had saved enough money. → (Они не копили деньги, поэтому не купили дом.)

Важные нюансы

  1. Только Past Perfect в части с if (не Past Simple):
    • ❌ If I knew, I would have come.
    • ✅ If I had known, I would have come.
  2. Вместо would have можно использовать:
    • could have (могло бы произойти) If she had trained more, she could have broken the record.
    • might have (возможно, произошло бы) If the weather had been better, we might have gone hiking.
  3. Смысл – прошлое не изменить: только сожаление или мысленный эксперимент.

Слова-помощники

Обращайте внимание на эти маркеры (они часто встречаются в таких предложениях):

  • by the time (к тому моменту, как)
  • before / after
  • already / just

Примеры:

  • By the time we arrived, the concert would have finished if it hadn't been delayed.
  • He would have already left for work if he had checked the schedule.

Как не путать со 2 типом

Признак2 тип (нереальное настоящее/будущее)3 тип (нереальное прошлое)
Когда?сейчас или вообщетогда, в прошлом
If-частьPast SimplePast Perfect
Главная частьwould + V1would have + V3
ПримерIf I knew French, I would watch movies without subtitles.If I had known French, I would have watched that movie without subtitles last week.

Короткие советы

  • Видите had + V3 в части с if → почти наверняка 3 тип.
  • Хотите выразить возможность в прошлом → берите could have.
  • Хотите выразить вероятность → берите might have.
  • Если прошлое уже закончилось и его не вернуть → ваш выбор 3 тип.
Практические задания

Assignment 1

Раскройте скобки, используя Third Conditional. Напишите полное предложение.

  1. If he (charge) his phone, he (call) us.
  2. We (not / miss) the plane if we (leave) earlier.
  3. If she (know) about the traffic jam, she (take) the train.
  4. They (win) the match if the referee (not / make) that mistake.
  5. If I (see) the sale, I (buy) those shoes.
  6. You (not / fall) if you (be) more careful.
  7. If the dog (not / bark), the thief (steal) the bike.
  8. She (become) a doctor if she (go) to medical school.
  9. If we (have) more time, we (visit) the museum.
  10. He (not / forget) her birthday if he (write) it down.

Answers

  1. If he had charged his phone, he would have called us.
  2. We wouldn't have missed the plane if we had left earlier.
  3. If she had known about the traffic jam, she would have taken the train.
  4. They would have won the match if the referee hadn't made that mistake.
  5. If I had seen the sale, I would have bought those shoes.
  6. You wouldn't have fallen if you had been more careful.
  7. If the dog hadn't barked, the thief would have stolen the bike.
  8. She would have become a doctor if she had gone to medical school.
  9. If we had had more time, we would have visited the museum.
  10. He wouldn't have forgotten her birthday if he had written it down.

Assignment 2

Переделайте реальные ситуации в Third Conditional, используя would have, could have или might have (выберите подходящий по смыслу).

  1. She didn't set an alarm. She overslept.
  2. They didn't invest in bitcoin. They didn't become millionaires.
  3. He ran too slowly. He lost the race.
  4. The bridge was closed. We didn't drive to the coast.
  5. She spoke very quietly. Nobody heard her speech.
  6. I didn't see the step. I tripped.
  7. The restaurant was full. We didn't eat there.
  8. He didn't apply for the job. He didn't get an interview.
  9. She didn't wear sunscreen. She got sunburned.
  10. They didn't bring a map. They got lost in the forest.

Answers

  1. If she had set an alarm, she wouldn't have overslept.
  2. If they had invested in bitcoin, they could have become millionaires.
  3. If he hadn't run so slowly, he wouldn't have lost the race. / If he had run faster, he might have won the race.
  4. If the bridge hadn't been closed, we would have driven to the coast.
  5. If she hadn't spoken so quietly, people might have heard her speech.
  6. If I had seen the step, I wouldn't have tripped.
  7. If the restaurant hadn't been full, we could have eaten there.
  8. If he had applied for the job, he might have got an interview.
  9. If she had worn sunscreen, she wouldn't have got sunburned.
  10. If they had brought a map, they wouldn't have got lost in the forest.

Assignment 3

В каждом предложении есть ошибка (или не Third Conditional, или неправильная форма). Найдите и исправьте её.

  1. If I would have known, I would have acted differently.
  2. She would have passed if she studied harder.
  3. If they had arrived on time, they would catch the start of the film.
  4. He wouldn't have been late if he didn't miss the bus.
  5. If you had asked me, I could helped you.
  6. We would have gone to the park if it wouldn't have rained.
  7. If she had had more patience, she might finish the project.
  8. They would have bought the car if they had had enough money, but they did have enough.
  9. If I would be there, I would have said hello.
  10. You hadn't been tired if you had slept more.

Answers

  1. If I had known, I would have acted differently.
  2. She would have passed if she had studied harder.
  3. If they had arrived on time, they would have caught the start of the film.
  4. He wouldn't have been late if he hadn't missed the bus.
  5. If you had asked me, I could have helped you.
  6. We would have gone to the park if it hadn't rained.
  7. If she had had more patience, she might have finished the project.
  8. They would have bought the car if they had had enough money, but they didn't have enough.
  9. If I had been there, I would have said hello.
  10. You wouldn't have been tired if you had slept more.